Who can say if a painting is good or bad?

A painting is not just a picture. A picture has to be of something - right?  A barn, a vase of flowers, a naked man, a mountain range. The public (non-artists) will often judge the worth of a picture by measuring the artist's ability to depict reality. "That looks exactly like a rose!" is usually an expression of approval, of recognition of the artist's drawing skill. Non-artists are impressed by the fact that artists can make objects in their paintings look real, because they know they couldn't do it. 
            
           
But what of an abstract or experimental painting? How do they judge whether that is good or bad? 
On the POSITIVE side they might declare:

   
        
            "I love that color." 
            (Personal preference)
            "It makes me feel calm after a busy day." 
            (Emotional response)
            "The shapes excite me." 
           
(Emotional response)
            "The texture makes me want to touch it." 
            (Sensual response)
            "It reminds me of sunshine after rain."
            
(Personal memory trigger)
            "I imagine myself on a gorgeous beach."
            
(Imaginative response)
            "The paint looks so juicy."
            
(Sensual response)
            
"Something that complex must be hard to do." 
            (Intellectual analysis)           

On the other hand, their reactions might be more NEGATIVE:

              "I hate purple." 
           
(Personal preference)
            
"I find it disturbing."
            
(Emotional response)
             
"It's boring."
            
(Emotional response)
             
"Those lumps look like the mud in my back yard."
            
(Sensual response)
             
"It reminds me of a nightmare I had last week." 
             (Personal memory trigger)
             
"My 5-year-old kid could do that."
            
(Failure to appreciate the painting process!)

              "What is it supposed to be?" 
             (Lack of imagination or familiarity with abstract painting!) 

            While these are all genuine reactions, they do not tell the artist whether the painting is actually good or bad in objective terms. That someone hates the color doesn't mean the artist made an error of judgment. The fact that the paint looks juicy doesn't necessarily make it a good painting.

            The problem with the above responses is that they represent only individual views and these are largely driven by emotion. For a painting to be considered successful in artistic terms we need to listen to the responses of a lot more people, including those who have some experience of looking at abstract paintings, who understand something of the history of abstraction, who are familiar with the painting process, and who possess the language to express their views with some precision. There must be some kind of consensus as to the merit of a particular painting. 

            Having made this point in favor of expert judgment, we can't ignore the fact that the majority of people who look at our work will express their responses in emotional terms. Also, even experts can't shut off their emotions. As Johannes Itten, the great color theorist, recognized, color can be highly emotive, as can shapes and textures.

                                                                            © Ann Baldwin
                                                                                March 2001

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